Covid-19 Confinement and Sexual Activity in Spain: A Cross Sectional Study

Restrictions of free movement have been proven effective in tackling the spread of COVID-19 disease. However, sensitive populations submitted to longer periods of restrictions may experience detrimental effects in significant areas of their lifestyle, such as sexual activity. This study examines sexual activity during the COVID-19 confinement in Spain. A survey distributed through an institutional social media profile served to collect data, whereas chi-squared tests, t-tests, analyses of variance, and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to assess differences among sample subgroups. A total of 71.3% adults (N = 536) (72.8% female) reported engaging in sexual activity with a weekly average of 2.39 times (SD = 1.80), with significant differences favoring males, middle age, married/in a domestic relationship (p < 0.001), employed (p < 0.005), medium–high annual household income, living outside the Iberian Peninsula, and smoking and alcohol consumption. Analyses adjusted for the complete set of control variables showed significant odds for a lower prevalence of weekly sexual activity in women (OR = 0.44, 95% CI 0.27–0.72). Interventions to promote sexual activity in confined Spanish adults may focus on groups with lower sexual activity

Associations between Physical Activity, Sitting Time, and Time Spent Outdoors with Mental Health during the First COVID-19 Lock Down in Austria.

Measures implemented to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2 have resulted in a decrease in physical activity (PA) while sedentary behaviour increased. The aim of the present study was to explore associations between PA and mental health in Austria during COVID-19 social restrictions. In this web-based cross-sectional study (April-May 2020) moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sitting time, and time spent outdoors were self-reported before and during self-isolation. Mental well-being was assessed with the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale, and the Beck depression and anxiety inventories. The majority of the participants (n = 652) were female (72.4%), with a mean age of 36.0 years and a standard deviation (SD) of 14.4. Moreover, 76.5% took part in ≥30 min/day of MVPA, 53.5% sat ≥10 h/day, and 66.1% spent ≥60 min/day outdoors during self-isolation. Thirty-eight point five percent reported high mental well-being, 40.5% reported depressive symptoms, and 33.9% anxiety symptoms. Participating in higher levels of MVPA was associated with higher mental well-being (odds ratio = OR: 3.92; 95% confidence interval = 95%CI: 1.51-10.15), less depressive symptoms (OR: 0.44; 95%CI: 0.29-0.66) and anxiety symptoms (OR = 0.62; 95%CI: 0.41-0.94), and less loneliness (OR: 0.46; 95%CI: 0.31-0.69). Participants sitting <10 h/day had higher odds of mental well-being (OR: 3.58; 95%CI: 1.13-11.35). Comparable results were found for spending ≥60 min/day outdoors. Maintaining one's MVPA levels was associated with higher mental well-being (OR = 8.61, 95%CI: 2.68-27.62). In conclusion, results show a positive association between PA, time spent outdoors and mental well-being during COVID-19 social restrictions. Interventions aiming to increase PA might mitigate negative effects of such restrictions

Association between Anxious and Depressive Symptomatology and Sexual Activity in Spain: A Cross-Sectional Study during the COVID-19 Quarantine

Introduction: Evidence on sexual behaviour and COVID-19 shows a change in sexual habits; however, there is no research on the association between mental health and sexual activity. Aim: To examine the relationship between mental health and sexual activity during the quarantine in Spanish adults. Methods: A sample of 305 adults filled out an online questionnaire. Sexual activity was assessed with one question. Anxiety and depression symptoms were assessed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), respectively. To check associations between levels of both anxiety and depressive symptoms (exposure) and weekly prevalence of sexual activity (outcome), we conducted multiple logistic regression adjusted for control variables (marital status, employment, average household annual income, place of living, pre-COVID-19 sexual activity, current smoking, current alcohol consumption, chronic physical conditions, chronic psychiatric conditions, physical symptoms, and days of confinement). Results: Higher depression level was associated with lower weekly sexual activity in a dose-response fashion in the three implemented models. Participants with higher levels of depression were associated with significantly lower sexual activity in the fully adjusted model (OR: 0.09, 95% CI 0.01&ndash;0.61). Mild anxiety-level participants consistently presented significantly lower ORs for lower sexual activity than their minimal-anxiety category counterparts. Particularly, the fully adjusted model showed the lower values (OR: 0.40, 95% CI 0.19&ndash;0.84). Conclusion: The results of this study support existing evidence stressing the association between mental health and sexual activity in quarantined adults

Evaluación del riesgo de reincidencia en menores infractores: herramientas para la mejora de estrategias reeducativas en España

El presente estudio trata de conocer las herramientas que actualmente se utilizan en el ámbito judicial en menores para evaluar el riesgo de reincidencia en España. Para abordar el trabajo se ha realizado una revisión de la literatura existente y se ha llevado a cabo un análisis comparativo de los instrumentos con mayor ascendencia, que permiten identificar dicho riesgo. Tras el análisis, y desde la perspectiva del Trabajo Social, se destaca la herramienta SAVRY puesto que es una herramienta que abarca una gran cantidad de factores y permite el desarrollo de actuaciones efectivas potenciando conductas prosociales que reduzcan el riesgo de de- lincuencia futura. El conocimiento de estas herramientas permite la toma de decisiones y la implementación de estrategias de intervención con menores y jóvenes para los/as profesionales del Trabajo Social, desde un criterio objetivo y estructurado.This study aims to understand the tools that are currently used in “child and youth justice” to assess the risk of recidivism. To tackle the work, a review of existing literature has been conducted, and has carried out a comparative anlysis of instruments with greater ancestry that identify this risk. After analysis, and from the perspective of Social Work, SAVRY is a very important tool because it includes a lot of factors, and enables the development of effective actions promoting prosocial behaviors that reduce the risk of future crime. The knowledge of these tools allows decision-making and implementation of intervention strategies with children to Social Work professionals, from an objective and structured approach

Evaluación del riesgo de reincidencia en menores infractores: herramientas para la mejora de estrategias reeducativas en España

El presente estudio trata de conocer las herramientas que actualmente se utilizan en el ámbito judicial en menores para evaluar el riesgo de reincidencia en España. Para abordar el trabajo se ha realizado una revisión de la literatura existente y se ha llevado a cabo un análisis comparativo de los instrumentos con mayor ascendencia, que permiten identificar dicho riesgo. Tras el análisis, y desde la perspectiva del Trabajo Social, se destaca la herramienta SAVRY puesto que es una herramienta que abarca una gran cantidad de factores y permite el desarrollo de actuaciones efectivas potenciando conductas prosociales que reduzcan el riesgo de delincuencia futura. El conocimiento de estas herramientas permite la toma de decisiones y la implementación de estrategias de intervención con menores y jóvenes para los/as profesionales del Trabajo Social, desde un criterio objetivo y estructurado.This study aims to understand the tools that are currently used in “child and youth justice” to assess the risk of recidivism. To tackle the work, a review of existing literature has been conducted, and has carried out a comparative anlysis of instruments with greater ancestry that identify this risk. After analysis, and from the perspective of Social Work, SAVRY is a very important tool because it includes a lot of factors, and enables the development of effective actions promoting prosocial behaviors that reduce the risk of future crime. The knowledge of these tools allows decision-making and implementation of intervention strategies with children to Social Work professionals, from an objective and structured approach

Determinants of Refugee and Migrant Health Status in 10 European Countries: The Mig-HealthCare Project

In this study, we collect and synthesize information on the health status of the refugee/migrant population in ten European countries in order to map refugee/migrant health needs. With this information, we identify areas of intervention and healthcare system strengthening to provide the basis for future health planning and effective healthcare provision to migrants, asylum-seekers and refugees in the European Union (EU). Methods: 1407 migrants in ten European Union countries (consortium members of the Mig-HealthCare project) were surveyed on general health, mental health, and specific diseases using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted to investigate the risk factors on general quality of life for migrants and refugees in the EU. Results: Mean age was 31.9 (&plusmn;11.05) years and 889 (63.1%) participants were males. The majority came from Syria, Afghanistan, Iraq, Nigeria, and Iran. Having a mental health disorder or a chronic disease such as a heart or respiratory disease was associated with worse general health. On the other hand, having permission to stay in the country of interview and being interviewed in the country of final destination was associated with better general health. Access to health care services was fragmented or unavailable for some interviewees because of linguistic, cultural, or administrative barriers. Conclusions: The management of chronic diseases and mental health conditions in European migrants and refugees is a key priority for health service provision. Further efforts should be made to guarantee healthcare access for migrant and refugee populations

Exploring the application of the navigation model with people experiencing homelessness: a scoping review

People experiencing homelessness are known to be at risk of disproportionately poor health outcomes and often face barriers in accessing healthcare. Patient navigation (PN) has been identified as a way to address health disparities and engage underserved populations with healthcare services . This scoping review aims to understand how PN models have been utilized with people experiencing homelessness and other comparable populations to date and more specifically identify (a) the defining features, (b) the barriers and facilitators in implementation, and (c) the outcomes associated with PN models. Database searches were conducted in Web of Science, PubMed and SCOPUS on 15th June 2021 and 21 papers, comprising nine reviews and 12 individual studies, were selected. Results indicate that PN has consistently been associated with improvements in a range of health-related outcomes, including timely access to healthcare. While the implementation and measurement of PN varies, a series of consistent features, facilitators and barriers are identified. Interventions to date have utilized a longitudinal approach and non-clinical navigators who share characteristics with the patient, and whose role is facilitatory. To maximize success in future use of PN, further research that focuses on the feasibility of the approach outside the USA is warranted

Health-related behaviors among school-aged children and adolescents during the Spanish Covid-19 confinement

In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) world pandemic, affected countries such as Spain enacted measures comprising compulsory confinement as well as restrictions regarding free movement. Such measures likely influence children's and adolescents' lifestyles. Our study aimed to investigate the impact that the Covid-19 confinement has on health-related behaviors (HRBs) among Spanish children and adolescents. An online survey was administered to 516 parents to collect data about 860 children and adolescents (49.2% girls) aged between 3 and 16 years in relation to physical activity, screen exposure, sleep time, and fruit and vegetable consumption during the Covid-19 confinement. Respectively, t-paired test and t-test between groups served to check differences between HRBs levels before and during the confinement as well as between strict and relaxed confinement. Significant differences were found for a reduction of weekly minutes of physical activity during the confinement (−102.5, SD 159.6) (p < 0.001), an increase of daily hours of screen exposure (2.9, SD 2.1) (p < 0.001), and a reduction of daily fruit and vegetable consumption (−0.2, SD 1.6) (p < 0.001). Sleep time showed a significant difference between strict and relaxed confinement (−0.3, SD 0.1) (p < 0.05), whereas binomial logistic regression adjusted for covariates (age, sex, education of the parents, siblings, current condition, exposure to Covid-19, and previous health risk behavior) showed significantly lower odds for screen exposure risk behavior with relaxed confinement (OR 0.60, 95%CI 0.40–0.91). The present study suggests that Covid-19 confinement reduced physical activity levels, increased both screen exposure and sleep time, and reduced fruit and vegetable consumption. Therefore, most HRBs worsened among this sample of Spanish children and adolescents. Closure of schools, online education, and the lack of policies addressing the conciliation between labor and family life could have played an important role in HRBs worsening among pupils, which might be mitigated with adequate conciliation policies, parental guidance, and community support

Association between Anxious and Depressive Symptomatology and Sexual Activity in Spain: A Cross-Sectional Study during the COVID-19 Quarantine

Introduction: Evidence on sexual behaviour and COVID-19 shows a change in sexual habits; however, there is no research on the association between mental health and sexual activity. Aim: To examine the relationship between mental health and sexual activity during the quarantine in Spanish adults. Methods: A sample of 305 adults filled out an online questionnaire. Sexual activity was assessed with one question. Anxiety and depression symptoms were assessed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), respectively. To check associations between levels of both anxiety and depressive symptoms (exposure) and weekly prevalence of sexual activity (outcome), we conducted multiple logistic regression adjusted for control variables (marital status, employment, average household annual income, place of living, pre-COVID-19 sexual activity, current smoking, current alcohol consumption, chronic physical conditions, chronic psychiatric conditions, physical symptoms, and days of confinement). Results: Higher depression level was associated with lower weekly sexual activity in a dose-response fashion in the three implemented models. Participants with higher levels of depression were associated with significantly lower sexual activity in the fully adjusted model (OR: 0.09, 95% CI 0.01–0.61). Mild anxiety-level participants consistently presented significantly lower ORs for lower sexual activity than their minimal-anxiety category counterparts. Particularly, the fully adjusted model showed the lower values (OR: 0.40, 95% CI 0.19–0.84). Conclusion: The results of this study support existing evidence stressing the association between mental health and sexual activity in quarantined adults

Policy Makers', NGO, and Healthcare Workers' Accounts of Migrants' and Refugees' Healthcare Access Across Europe : Human Rights and Citizenship Based Claims

Freely available healthcare, universally accessible to the population of citizens, is a keyideal for European welfare systems. As labor migration of the twentieth century gave wayto the globalized streams of the twenty-first century, new challenges to fulfilling theseideals have emerged. The principle of freedom of movement, together with large-scaleforced migration have led to large scale movements of people, making new demandson European healthcare systems which had previously been largely focused on meetingsedentary local populations’ needs. Drawing on interviewswith service providers workingfor NGOs and public healthcare systems and with policy makers across 10 Europeancountries, this paper considers how forced migrants’ healthcare needs are addressedby national health systems, with factors hindering access at organizational and individuallevel in particular focus. The ways in which refugees’ and migrants’ healthcare accessis prevented are considered in terms of claims based on citizenship and on the humanright to health and healthcare. Where claims based on citizenship are denied and thereis no means of asserting the human right to health, migrants are caught in a new formof inequality